Comparison of UPA and NDA Governments



Hello World!

My name is Shivam Singh. I am a graduate in Electronics Engineering and working as a Software Engineer. In my spare time, I like do nerdy things as my project. This is one of them.
I hear daily in the street, shops and every public places, people debate whether Manmohan Singh was the best Prime-Minister or Narendra Modi is better than him. So I decided to do a comparison of previous UPA government (Indian National Congress and it's alliance) and current NDA government (Bhartiya Janta Party and it's alliance) based on the various statistics at one place. Everything you will see here is taken from annual reports of different ministry, research papers, RTIs and Internet which is available for public reading. Using these statistics you can decide which government has done better works for India & its people. I have also provided the references of the respective data which will help you to check the fact and truthness. I have spent more than 4 months to do research about the things and after 16 weekends of coding works have prepared this webpage with 2500+ lines of code.
The data for Manmohan Singh ji govermnent are of 10 years and the data for Narendra Modi ji government are for 8.5 years only (till Nov 2022) as the term is not ended yet when I am building this.

Note: This website is not a responsive website. Which means it is not suitable to view in smaller screens like mobile phone. I would recommend watching it in larger screen like Laptop, Monitors etc.



S. No. Topic In 2004
(Or before UPA)		 In 2014
(During Manmohan ji Era)		 Change during Manmohan ji Era In 2022
(During Modi ji Era)		 Change during Modi ji Era Remarks
00 Prime Minister's Name Dr. Manmohan Singh Narendra Damodar Das Modi
01 Lok Sabha Seats
-
  • Bhartiya Janta Patry
  • Indian National Congress
    •
  • 182
  • 114
    		•
  • 138(2004), 206(2009)
  • 145(2004), 116(2009)
    		•  ---
  • 282(2014), 303(2019)
  • 44(2014), 53(2019)
    		•  --- ---
    02 Population 1,028,737,436 (2001) 1,210,193,422 (2011) --- 1,407,563,842 (2022 est) --- ---
    03 Literacy 64.83% (M-75.26, F-53.67) (2001) 73.04% (M-82.14, F-65.46) (2011) --- 77.7% (2022 est) --- ---
    04 Sex Ratio 933 (2001) 940 (2011) --- 944 (2021 est) --- ---
    05 Life Rate (per 1,000 People)[1]
    -
    1. Life Expactancy
    2. Birth Rate
    3. Death Rate
    4. Mortality Rate
    5. Fertility Rate (per Woman)
  • 64
  • 24.5
  • 8.2
  • 58
  • 3
    		•
  • 68
  • 19
  • 7.2
  • 39
  • 2.4
    		•
  • +4
  • -5.5
  • -1.0
  • -19
  • -0.6
    		•
  • 70
  • 17
  • 7.3
  • 27
  • 2.1
    		•
  • +2
  • -2
  • +0.1
  • -12
  • -0.3
    		•  ---
    06 Human Development Index (HDI Rank) --- 132th (2014) --- 131th (2019) --- ---
    07 Global Hunger Index (Rank)[2] 36.3 (94) 28.2 (85) -9.1 29.1 (107) +0.9 A GHI score is calculated on a 100-point scale reflecting the severity of hunger, where 0 is the best possible score (no hunger) and 100 is the worst. Under UPI government India was at better position.
    08 Happiness Index (Rank)[3] N/A 4.57 (117th) --- 3.77 (136th) --- This report was first published in 2012 and biggest irony is that Pakistan, Iraq and Iran are always above India in ranking.
    09 Human Capital Index (Rank)[4] N/A N/A --- 0.49 (116th) --- This index measures how much capital each country loses through lack of education and health. This report was first published in 2018. at that time, India was at 115th with 0.44 rating.
    10 Indian Currency (₹) (In compasison of others)[5][6]
    -
    1. US Dollar ($)
    2. GB Pound (£)
    3. European Euro (€)
    4. Japanese Yen (¥)
  • 45.32
  • 80.96
  • 56.58
  • 0.40
    		•
  • 62.33
  • 100.41
  • 69.54
  • 0.82
    		•
  • -37.53%
  • -24.03%
  • -22.90%
  • -105%
    		•
  • 79.87
  • 96.22
  • 79.34
  • 0.57
    		•
  • -28.14%
  • +4.14%
  • -14.09%
  • +30.48%
    		•  Rupee is countinuously losing it's value w.r.t. US Dollar in both government but India is at very good position during Modi government and done impressiverly compared to GBP and JY.
    11 Gross Domestic Product (GDP Nominal)[7][8][9]
    -
    1. Total GDP
    2. GDP Per Capita
    3. GDP Per Capita in ₹
    4. GDP World Rank
  • B$710.15
  • $638
  • ₹32,841
  • 13th
    		•
  • B$2,039.13
  • $1,574
  • ₹89,796
  • 10th
    		•
  • +B$1,328.98
  • +$926
  • +₹56,955
  • +3
    		•
  • B$3,534.74
  • $2,543
  • ₹172,913(2021)
  • 5th
    		•
  • +B$1,496
  • +$969
  • +₹83,117
  • +5
    		•  If we compare by % per year increase then UPA done better, But if compare by total value add then NDA done very well. India recently reached 5th spot for GDP rank which is best since 1947.
    12 Gross Domestic Product (GDP PPP)[7][8][9]
    -
    1. Total GDP
    2. GDP Per Capita
    3. GDP World Rank
    4. PPP Per Capita Rank
  • B$2,794.20
  • $2,743.70
  • 4th
  • 162th
    		•
  • B$6,781.0
  • $5,233.90
  • 3th
  • 169th
    		•
  • +B$3,986.80
  • +$2,490.20
  • +1
  • -7
    		•
  • B$11,162
  • $7,943.3
  • 3rd
  • 129th
    		•
  • +B$7,175
  • +$2,709.40
  • -
  • +40
    		•  If we compare by % per year increase then UPA done better, India's per capita rank increased very high during Modi's era.
    13 Share in Global GDP[26] 1.80% 2.60% --- 3.20% --- -
    14 Share in Global GDP (PPP)[7][26] 4.30% 5.50% --- 7.50% --- -
    15 Inflation[10]
    -
    1. Inflation Rate (Avg)
    2. Lowest
    3. Highest
  • 3.8%
  • N/A
  • N/A
    		•
  • 5.8%
  • 4.25% (2005)
  • 11.99% (2011)
    		•
  • +2.0%
  • N/A
  • N/A
    		•
  • 4.1%
  • 3.33% (2017)
  • 6.62% (2020)
    		•
  • -1.7%
  • N/A
  • N/A
    		•  Due to Economic crisis in 2007-08, UPA had high inflation (11.99%) but NDA time also there is COVID-19 crisis (6.6%), so overall Modi Government has better result.
    16 Unemployment Rate[11] 5.40% 5.60% +0.20% 5.84% +0.24% Unemployment rate increased in both government but Manmohan's government had slightly better result.
    17 Powerty[1] 39.9% 21% -18.9% 10.2% (2020) -11.7% Powerty is calculated % of people survive at less than $2.15/day (According to UN 2017). Manmohan Singh government bring more percentage of people out of powerty than Narendra Modi till 2020.
    18 Net National Income per Capita ₹24,143 ₹68,747 --- ₹150,007 --- -
    19 GINI Index[1] 34.4 34.7 --- 35.7 --- GINI index is used to calculate income inequality between people of the country, 0 means perfect income equality and 100 means worst. Inequality decreases in current government.
    20 India Budjet(In Crore ₹)[42]
    -
    1. Total Expenditure
    2. Agriculture
    3. Food/Public Distribution
    4. Defence
    5. Health & Welfare
    6. Law & Justice
    7. Road & Highways
    8. Science & Technology
    9. Space (ISRO)
    10. Tourism
    11. Youth & Sports
    12. Railway
    13. Union Territories
    1. 4,77,829.04
    2. 6,145.36
    3. 26,141.62
    4. 89,136.35
    5. 8,438.12
    6. 1,397.40
    7. 8,769.00
    8. 2,582.94
    9. 2,731.29
    10. 541.74
    11. 466.00
    12. 6,919.00
    13. 3,492.90
    1. 17,94,891.96
    2. 31,062.94
    3. 1,15,952.63
    4. 2,85,202.87
    5. 39,237.82
    6. 2,250.61
    7. 34,345.20
    8. 8,768.36
    9. 7,238.00
    10. 1,966.71
    11. 1,769.00
    12. 30,100.00
    13. 9,139.01
    		 ---
    1. 44,14,361.42
    2. 1,32,513.63
    3. 2,17,684.48
    4. 5,25,166.15
    5. 86,200.65
    6. 3,393.48
    7. 1,99,107.71
    8. 17,216.46
    9. 13,700.00
    10. 2,400.00
    11. 3,062.60
    12. 1,40,367.13
    13. 58,756.52
    		 --- The 10-year(2004-1014) turnaround under the Singh government is lagging behind in many departments as compared to the eight-year(2014-2022) turnaround during the Modi government.
    Modi government has invested huge money in Agriculture, Defence, Railway and Road & Highways departments.
    21 Central Government[1]
    -
    1. Total Expense ($)
    2. Total Expense (Crore ₹)
    3. Expense (% of GDP)
    4. Debt (% of GDP)
    5. Total Debt ($)
  • DNA
  • DNA
  • 15.8%
  • 59%
  • B$ 111.8
    		•
  • B$ 212.9
  • 16,65,297
  • 14.8%
  • 49.9%
  • B$ 461.9
    		•  ---
  • B$ 360.5
  • 39,44,909
  • 15.7%
  • 46.6% (2018)
  • B$ 617.1
    		•  --- -
    22 Central Government Employees[41]
    -
    1. Total Sanctioned Posts
    2. Total Employees
    3. Vacant Posts
    4. % of Vacant posts
    5. Total expenditure on Pay & Allowances (in Crore)
  • 35,60,433
  • 31,28,134
  • 4,32,299
  • 12.14%
  • ₹34,554.35
    		•
  • 36,45,584
  • 32,23,926
  • 4,21,658
  • 11.57%
  • ₹1,27,074.60
    		•  ---
  • 41,11,146
  • 31,15,343
  • 9,95,803
  • 24.22%
  • ₹2,37,055.09
    		•  --- Total sactioned posts in central government departments has been increased more in modi government than Singh government but percentage of vacant post is far more now a days than in 2014.
    I have taken these data from an RTI filed by me.
    RTI No- MOSPI/R/E/22/00833
    23 Education[1][13][14]
    -
    1. Expenditure (% of GDP)
    2. % of Total Spending
    3. Total Amount (Crore ₹)
  • 3.4%
  • 11.20%
  • 18,336.33
    		•
  • 3.8%
  • 14.05%
  • 55,103.99
    		•  ---
  • 4.5%
  • 16.54%
  • 104,278.00
    		•  --- Narendra Modi government invested more money on education and more percent of expenditure also. This government also brought new Education policy in 2020.[15]
    24 Educational Institutes (Higher Studies)[16]
    -
    1. No of Universities
    2. Central Universities
    3. No of Colleges (All)
    4. IITs
    5. NITs/IIITs
    6. AIIMSs
    7. IIMs
    8. Students Enrolled (1 Yr)
    9. Foreign Students
    10. Teaching Staffs
  • 511 (2005)
  • 20
  • 21,108
  • 7
  • 20/3
  • 7
  • 6
  • 5,552,519(2006)
  • DNA
  • DNA
    		•
  • 723
  • 42
  • 36,634
  • 16 (2015)
  • 30/9
  • 7
  • 13
  • 6,770,708(2013)
  • 39,517
  • 1,367,535
    		•  ---
  • 1,043
  • 48
  • 42,343
  • 23
  • 31/25
  • 13 (+9 planned)
  • 20
  • 8,138,368 (2020)
  • 49,348
  • 1,503,156
    		•  --- Every year number of colleges increases in India. In comparison, NDA government built more institutes than UPA government.
    25 Health[1][22][23]
    -
    1. Expenditure (% of GDP)
    2. % of Total Spending
    3. Per Capita Expenditure
    4. Total Health Expenditure (Crore ₹)
  • 3.96%
  • 11.2%
  • ₹1,201
  • 3,14,941
    		•
  • 3.62%
  • 14.1%
  • ₹3,638
  • 4,53,106
    		•  ---
  • 3.20%
  • 16.5%
  • ₹4,470 (2019)
  • 5,96,440 (2019)
    		•  --- Per capita expense in India is too low as compared to other developing countries.
    THE (Total Health Expenditure) is the sum of public and private health expenditure in one year.
    26 Military[1]
    -
    1. Expenditure (% of GDP)
    2. % of Total Spending
    3. Total Amount (Crore ₹)
    4. Total Amount (B$ Current)
  • 2.8%
  • 10.1%
  • 77,000
  • B$ 20.24
    		•
  • 2.5%
  • 9.5%
  • 224,000
  • B$ 50.91
    		•  ---
  • 2.9%
  • 13.3%
  • 525,166.10
  • B$ 72.89
    		•  --- Percentage of GDP expenditure is very low in India as compared to other countries. It is aslo because of India is not in any war since last 20 years.
    27 Military Strength[1]
    -
    1. Armed Personnel
    2. Arms Import
    3. Arms Export
  • 2,617,00
  • B$ 2.21
  • M$ 28
    		•
  • 2,749,700
  • B$ 5.38
  • M$ 36
    		•  ---
  • 5,137,500
  • B$ 2.8
  • M$ 151
    		•  --- Army Strength sharply increased under Modi Government. Export also increased. India is now 4th strongest army. Current Indian Army equipment strength is as follows:[17]
    • Battle Tanks- 4740
    • Submarines- 16
    • Military Aircraft- 2186
    • Attack Helicopters- 41
    • Nuclear Weapons- 150
    • Military Satellites- 21
    28 Agriculture[21]
    -
    1. Total Employment
    2. Agricultural Land
    3. Irrigated Land
    4. Agricultural land(sqKM)
    5. % of GDP Share
    6. Total Value Added
  • 57%
  • 60.7%
  • 31.6%
  • 1,803,750
  • ~18.5%
  • B$ 126.33
    		•
  • 46%
  • 60.4%
  • 37.9%
  • 1,797,280
  • 16.79%
  • B$ 342.41
    		•  ---
  • 42% (2019)
  • 60.2%
  • 41%
  • 1,790,451
  • 16.77%
  • B$ 532.08
    		•  --- Employment dependency decreases faster during Manmohan Singh government.
    Agricultural land is continuously decreasing because of population increase.
    Narendra Modi government added more value from agriculture in each year.
    29 MSP of Some Selected Crops[35]
    -
    1. Paddy
    2. Wheat
    3. Maize
    4. Bajra
    5. Cotton
    6. Gram
    7. Arhar
    8. Sugercane
  • ₹550
  • ₹630
  • ₹505
  • ₹505
  • ₹1,725
  • ₹1,400
  • ₹1,360
  • ₹73
    		•
  • ₹1,310
  • ₹1,400
  • ₹1,310
  • ₹1,250
  • ₹3,700
  • ₹3,100
  • ₹4,300
  • ₹210
    		•
  • +₹76 /Yr
  • +₹77 /Yr
  • +₹80.5 /Yr
  • +₹74.5 /Yr
  • +₹197 /Yr
  • +₹170 /Yr
  • +₹294 /Yr
  • +₹13.7 /Yr
    		•
  • ₹2,040
  • ₹2,125
  • ₹1,962
  • ₹2,350
  • ₹6,080
  • ₹5,335
  • ₹6,600
  • ₹305
    		•
  • +₹81.1 /Yr
  • +₹80.5 /Yr
  • +₹69.4 /Yr
  • +₹122.2 /Yr
  • +₹264 /Yr
  • +₹248 /Yr
  • +₹255 /Yr
  • +₹10.5 /Yr
    		•  The minimum support price(MSP) of an agricultural produce is the price at which that produce cannot be purchased directly from the farmer by paying a lower price.
    It is calculated in Rupee per Quintal.
    Per year change is better in Narendra Modi government for most of products.
    30 Agricultural Production (In Lakh Tonnes)[38]
    -
    1. Rice
    2. Wheat
    3. Coarse Cereals
    4. Pulses
    5. Oilseeds
    6. Suger Cane
    7. Cotton
    8. Jute
  • 870.0
  • 721.0
  • 378.0
  • 152.0
  • 251.0
  • 2,362.0
  • 138.0
  • 112.0
    		•
  • 1,065.0
  • 959.0
  • 431.0
  • 193.0
  • 329.0
  • 3,412.0
  • 366.0
  • 116.0
    		•  ---
  • 1,211.0
  • 1,100.0
  • 512.1
  • 250.0
  • 384.01
  • 3,970.0
  • 370.0
  • 106.0
    		•  --- The quantity of Cotton and Jute are calculated in 'Lakh bales', One bale for Cotton is 170 Kg while for Jute is 180 Kg.
    The other crops are calculated in Lakh Tonnes.
    28 Trade[29][30][31]
    -
    1. Import (Current USD)
    2. Import (Constant USD)
    3. Export (Current USD)
    4. Export (Constant USD)
    5. Export (% of GDP)
  • T$ 6.26
  • T$ 9.18
  • B$ 126.65
  • T$ 8.85
  • 17.9%
    		•
  • T$ 32.86
  • T$ 26.68
  • B$ 468.35
  • T$ 25.12
  • 23%
    		•
  • +2.66 T$/Yr
  • ---
  • +34.17 B$/Yr
  • ---
  • ---
    		•
  • T$ 56.54
  • T$ 38.78
  • B$ 679.68
  • T$ 31.75
  • 21.4%
    		•
  • +2.96T$/Yr
  • ---
  • +26.42B$/Yr
  • ---
  • ---
    		•  Modi government claims that the exports of goods and services have been incrased a lot. It is increased but if we compare per year change in export with Singh's government. The increase in export is actually lesser now than 2004-14.
    Lateset data is for calendar year 2021.
    29 Annual Industry Report[18]
    -
    1. No. of Factories
    2. Employees+Workers
    3. Total Output (₹Lakh)
    4. Net value added (₹Lakh)
  • 140,160
  • 16,247,777
  • 190,835,548
  • 31,186,419
    		•
  • 224,576
  • 23,906,465
  • 655,525,116
  • 89,534,187
    		•  ---
  • 237,684 (2017)
  • 27,770,580(2017)
  • 808,167,115(2017)
  • 123,812,856(2017)
    		•  --- The data after 2017 ficsal year is not available.
    30 Production Performance[18]
    -
    1. Power
    2. Coal
    3. Steel
    4. Cement
    5. Fertilizers
    6. Petroleum
    7. Natural Gas
  • 558.13 BU
  • 355.73 MT
  • 36.93 MT
  • 123.44 MT
  • 15.82 MT
  • 33.38 MT
  • 31,763 MCM
    		•
  • 967.15 BU
  • 565.64 MT
  • 92.97 MT
  • 256.04 MT
  • 16.09 MT
  • 37.78 MT
  • 35,390 MCM
    		•  ---
  • 1491.86 BU
  • 778.19 MT
  • 154.06 MT
  • 294.40 MT
  • 133.43 MT
  • ~34 MT
  • 31,184 MCM
    		•  --- Procuation of the things increased in India based on consumption and need. But since 2019 production of crude oil and natural gas decreased in India in Narendra Modi government.
    31 Energy Production(In Billion units)[27]
    -
    1. Fossil Fuel Electricity
    2. Wind Electricity
    3. Solar Electricity
    4. Hydro Electricity
    5. Nuclear Electricity
  • 534
  • 4.5
  • N/A
  • 90
  • 15
    		•
  • 1,037
  • 36
  • 5.8
  • 129
  • 33
    		•  ---
  • 1,318
  • 78
  • 67
  • 165
  • 46
    		•  --- Manmohan Singh government increased the electricity generation very well according to requirement of Country when Computer, Mobile Phones and other electronics device's demand were increasing.
    Narendra Modi government focusing more on renewable energy production like Solar electricity. narendra Modi with NITI Ayog launched International Solar Alliance in Paris UN Conference 2015.[28]
    The data is in Billion Units (Billion KWh).
    32 Infrastructure Performance[18]
    -
    1. Roads Constructed
    2. Railway Freight
    3. Ports Shipping
    4. Aviation Cargo
  • 6,841 KMs
  • 557.39 MT
  • 344.52 MT
  • 609,683 MT
    		•
  • 2,844 KMs
  • 1,053.53 MT
  • 555.50 MT
  • 870,024 MT
    		•  ---
  • 13,298 KMs
  • 1,231.01 MT
  • 2,562.85 MT
  • 729,000 MT(2020)
    		•  --- The road construction after 2016 increased surprisingly, all credits goes to transport minister of India Nitin Gadkari ji and his Bharat-Mala Project[19]. More than 61,000 KMs of national highways constructed during last 8 years, which is about 100% rise. Shipping cargo also increased faster in India after 2014 because of Sagar-Mala project[20].
    The data for before UPA gov is of FY2004, for UPA gov is of FY2014 and for NDA gov is of FY2021.
    33 Infrastructure Characteristics[24][25]
    -
    1. Internet Users (%)
    2. Mobile Phone Users
    3. Secure Internet Servers
    4. Rail Lines (KM)
    5. Railway Passengers
    6. Air Passengers
    7. Plane Departures
  • 2%
  • 52.2 M
  • DNA
  • 63,221 KM
  • 575,700 M/KM
  • 23,934,074
  • 302,790
    		•
  • 14%
  • 944 M
  • 10,941
  • 65,808 KM
  • 1,147 B/KM
  • 82,718,883
  • 724,541
    		•  ---
  • 49%
  • 1,190s M
  • 62,298
  • 68,103 KM
  • 1,221 B/KM
  • 167,499,116
  • 1,209,803
    		•  --- Mobile phone users increased in India after 2008 and after release of 4G internet users increased exponentially.
    Rail and Air passengers latest data is for 2019-2020 pre covid pandemic.
    34 Number of Bank notes in Circulation[38]
    -
    1. 100
    2. 200
    3. 500
    4. 1,000
    5. 2,000
    6. Total Notes
  • 1,21,440
  • N/A
  • 24,590
  • 2,750
  • N/A
  • 3,83,360
    		•
  • 1,47,650
  • N/A
  • 1,14,050
  • 50,810
  • N/A
  • 7,73,300
    		•  ---
  • 1,81,420
  • 60,441
  • 4,55,468
  • N/A
  • 21,420
  • 13,05,326
    		•  --- ₹1,000 note was discontinued in Novenber 2016 and ₹200 and ₹2000 notes were introduced after demonitisation.
    Number of notes has been increased every year based on requirement.
    35 Payment Indicators[38]
    -

      A. Volume

    1. Card Payments
    2. EFT/NEFT
    3. UPI
    4. Forex Clearing
    5. Total

      B. Value (in ₹ crore)

    1. Card Payments
    2. EFT/NEFT
    3. UPI
    4. Forex Clearing
    5. Total

      (in Thousand)

    • 1,85,501
    • 29,046
    • N/A
    • 331
    • 11,87,856

      Value

    • 35,870
    • 29,933
    • N/A
    • 23,18,530
    • 1,60,15,716

      (in lakh)

    • 12,621
    • 11,083
    • N/A
    • 837
    • 37,080

    Value (in lakh crore)

    • 2.57
    • 47.85
    • N/A
    • 284.45
    • 1,499.26
    		 ---

      (in lakh)

    • 61,786
    • 40,407
    • 4,59,561
    • DNA
    • 7,26,530

    Value (in lakh crore)

    • 17.02
    • 287.25
    • 84.16
    • DNA
    • 1,810.65
    		 --- Narendra Modi government is promoting cashless payment which cause a sharp increase in digital payments. UPI is one of best and most loved payment interface for common people of India. In December 2022, a total of ₹12.82 lakh crores value of payment is done from 782 crores transactions using UPI.
    36 Stock Market[1]
    -
    1. Stocks Traded (% GDP)
    2. Stocks Traded (T$)
    3. Market Capitalization
    4. Companies on Stock Ex
    5. SENSEX Value
    6. Nifty-50 Value
    7. Silver Price (/Kg)
    8. Gold Price (/10Gm)
  • 53.2
  • B$ 377.04
  • B$ 415.54
  • 5,644
  • 6,250.00
  • 2,080.50
  • ₹11,770
  • ₹6,065
    		•
  • 37.3
  • B$ 570.99
  • T$ 1.27
  • 5,541
  • 20,729.38
  • 7,104.00
  • ₹43,070
  • ₹28,740
    		•  ---
  • 72.9 (2020)
  • T$ 1.95 (2020)
  • T$ 2.6 (2020)
  • 5,215 (2020)
  • 61,294.43
  • 18,232.30
  • ₹72,300
  • ₹50,950
    		•  --- Stock investers in India is increasing very fast after coming of online stock trading companies like Zerodha[32].
    37 Rate of Interest[38]
    -
    1. Savings Deposit
    2. NSC (5 year)
    3. Kisan Vikas Patra
    4. PPF
    5. Fixed Deposit
    6. Min Personal loan
  • DNA
  • 8.5%
  • ~12%
  • 9%
  • 5.50%
  • 8.60%
    		•
  • 4.0%
  • 8.4%
  • 8.67%
  • 8.7%
  • 8.75%
  • 10.90%
    		•  ---
  • 3.5%
  • 8.5%
  • 7.2%
  • 7.1%
  • 5.35%
  • 10.50%
    		•  --- Rate which will give benefits to the common people is gradually decreasing year by year and rate which people have to pay is increasing.
    38 Tourism[33]
    -
    1. Expenditure (Current $)
    2. No of Arrivals
    3. No of Departures
  • B$ 5.78
  • 3,457,000
  • 6,213,000
    		•
  • B$ 17.49
  • 6,968,000(2013)
  • 16,626,000
    		•  ---
  • B$ 28.59
  • 17,914,000
  • 26,915,000
    		•  --- The latest data is present for financial year 2020 but I have taken for 2019, as in 2020 there was restriction to travel abroad due to COVID-19 pandemic.
    39 Crime[34]
    -
    1. Total Recognised Crimes
    2. Murder
    3. Rape
    4. Kidnapping/Abduction
    5. Dacoity
    6. Robbery
    7. Riots/Arson
  • 6,028,781
  • 32,716
  • 15,847
  • 19,992
  • 5,303
  • 17,512
  • 57,334
    		•
  • 6,640,378
  • 33,201
  • 33,707
  • 65,461
  • 4,539
  • 31,927
  • 72,126
    		•  ---
  • 6,096,310
  • 29,272
  • 31,677
  • 101,707
  • 2,858
  • 29,224
  • 41,954
    		•  --- Over all recognised crime is more in both governments than base year (2003), but Modi government is better in some aspects than Singh government.
    Total recognised crime is sum of cases filed under IPC(Indian Penal Code) and SSL(Specal & Local laws).
    40 Major Terrorist Attacks[39] (Year, Place, Death, Injuries) N/A (2005,Delhi,70,250)
    (2006,Mumbai,209,714)
    (2006,Malegaon,40,125)
    (2007,Haryana,70,50)
    (2007,Hyderabad,42,54)
    (2008,Jaipur,71,200)
    (2008,Gujarat,56,200)
    (2008,Assam,81,470)
    (2008,Mumbai,171,300+)
    (2010,Chhattisgarh,84,8)
    (2010,W Bengal,148,200+)     		--- (2014,Assam,85,0)
    (2016,Uri,23,8)
    (2019,Pulwama,46,0)     		--- During 10 years of UPA government, there were a total of 1,726 terrorist incidents happened across india while during nearly 9 years of NDA government 601 incidents noticed[40].
    Under Modi, India have also performed Surgical and Air strike on Pakistan for terrorist attacks.
    41 Major Riots & Violence (Year, Place, Death, Injuries) [Root Cause] N/A
  • (2005,Mau,14+,DNA)
    [Hindus-Muslims]
  • (2008,Kandhmal,90,18K+)
    [LN Saraswati Murder]
  • (2012,Assam,77+,DNA)
    [Killing of Bodos]
  • (2013,UP,600+,93)
    [Hindus-Muslims]
    		•  ---
  • (2017,India,41,300+)
    [Ram Raheem case]
  • (2018,Bihar,DNA,35)
    [Hindus-Muslims]
  • (2020,Delhi,53,200+)
    [CAA-NRC Protesters]
    		•  --- -
    42 Environment[1]
    -
    1. CO2 Emission
    2. Grenhouse Emission
    3. Agro-Methane Emission
    4. Forest area (sq. km)
  • 1,085,670.04
  • 1,866,489.99
  • 459,040
  • 683,530
    		•
  • 2,147,110.11
  • 3,044,959.96
  • 487,660
  • 705,616
    		•  ---
  • 2,456,300.05
  • 3,394,870.12
  • 500,220 (2020)
  • 721,600 (2020)
    		•  --- CO2, Green house gas and Methane emissions incresed in India every year due to incrase in industries, vechicles and electronic devices.
    The Unit for these data is Kilo-Tons of CO2 equivalent.
    43 Fuel Price Level
    -
    1. Petrol(₹/L)[36]
    2. Diesel(₹/L)[36]
    3. LPG Cylinder[37]
    4. CNG (₹/Kg)
  • ₹33.71
  • ₹22.74
  • ₹261.80
  • ~₹18
    		•
  • ₹72.26
  • ₹55.48
  • ₹928.50
  • ₹41.90
    		•  ---
  • ₹96.72
  • ₹89.62
  • ₹1003.00
  • ₹79.56
    		•  --- I have taken these data for Delhi city. In November 2021 & 20th May 2022,Fuel Prices reached historic highs. In Delhi a Litre of Petrol then costed ₹110/L.

    The Price of LPG is for nonsubsidised household cylinder carrying 14.2 litre of gas.
    44 Share in Global Trade DNA 2% --- 2.2% --- -
    45 Global Innovation Index Rank DNA 83rd --- 46th --- Because of Indian government's support to self employment policies India is rising higher under Narendra Modi.
    46 Ease of Doing Business DNA 142nd --- 63rd --- Because of Indian government's support to self employment policies India is rising higher under Narendra Modi.
    47 Number of Startups DNA 400 - 80,152 - Startups are being recognised by Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT). India’s startup economy has been growing since 2016 with businesses mushrooming rapidly across the country
    48 Number of Unicorns 0 4 --- 108[43] --- Number of Unicorns (1B$+ valuation) in India increased surprisingly in India due to self employment indeas and interest in entrepreneurship after 2016. As of 27th July 2022, 46 companies world over have achieved the decacorn status (10B$+ valuation). India has four startups namely Flipkart, BYJU’s, Nykaa and Swiggy added in decacorn
    49 Electricity Access (% of people)[12] 67.4% 83.8% - 99.2% - Current Indian government made possible to provide electricity almost every household.
    50 Net Migration[1] -1,888,986 -2,350,075 - -2,663,434 - Negative migration means more people migrate out of country. Migration from India gradually increased in last 20 years.


    Below table is for best and worst works done or achievements ot policies or decisions taken by both of previous goverment in last 18-19 years.



    S. No. Topic UPA Government NDA Government
    00 Prime Minister's Name Dr. Manmohan Singh Narendra Damodar Das Modi
    01 Best Policies/ Best Achievements/ Best Decisions
    1. Right to Information Act, 2005(RTI): It is an act which set the rules and procedures for Indian citizens right to information from the government.This bill replaced the former Freedom of Information Act, 2002. RTI has proven to be very useful for people, but is counteracted by the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011.

    2. GDP Growth Rate: The average GDP growth rate during 10 years of UPA government was about 7.4%. Indian GDP risen almost three fold in span of that 10 year.

    3. MNREGA, 2005: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Empowerment Gurantee Actis a law that aims to gurantee the right to work. It provides atleast 100 days of work in a financial year. It helped a lot in increasing the income of unemployed poor people. The biggest effect of this project is that it cut powerty from 39% in 2004 to 21% in 2014.

    4. AADHAAR Card: It is a 12 digit unique identity number for Indian citizen based on their biometric and demographic data. Former World Bank Chief Economist Paul Romer described Aadhaar as "the most sophisticated ID programme in the world".

    5. Development of North-East: The growth rate in north-eastern region was higher than national average. Northeast average growth rate in that 10 year was 9.9 percent compared to national average 7.4 percent.

    6. Anti-rape Laws: On 16 Dec 2012, A horifying incident took place in Delhi, 'The Nirbhaya Case' which shocked whole India. After that president of India constituted a new comittee to reform the laws. The new law expanded the definition of rape and made it easier for a survivor to contest and also introduced new offenses such as acid attack, stalking and voyeurism. This arguably is the biggest achievement of UPA 2nd term.

    7. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana: It is a National Health Insurance Programme for poor(BPL) Indians like domestic workers, MGNERGA workers, rikshaw-pullers etc.The scheme started enrolling on April 1, 2008 and a total of 36 million families had been enrolled as of February 2014. Every BPL family pays ₹30 registration fee to get a biometric-enabled smart card containing their fingerprints and photographs. This enables them to receive medical care of up to ₹30,000 per family per year
    1. Make in India: It is an initiative by the Modi government to encourage local companies to develop, manufacture and assemble products within India. This is helping a lot to people to do entrepreneurship which is causing increase in unicorns and ease of doing business.

    2. Jan Dhan Yojana: On 15 August 2014, Modi announced Jan Dhan Yojana. Its main focus has been on reaching every household to provide credit facility, pension, and insurance to account holders. As per the data of the Finance Ministry, a total of 47.93 Crores of Jan Dhan accounts have been opened till December 2022.

    3. Forign Policy: Modi government put foreign policy in fast-track mode. It is currently focused on improving relations with neighbouring countries and getting the world to invest in India. For this, Modi government increased FDI in many sectors.

    4. Unified Payment Interfac (UPI): In general, we can say that UPI is best thing invented by India in 21st century. It is a system that offer users several banking features & payment at in one mobile application. UPI is most famous among young people of India. In December 2022 alone, more than 782 crores of transactions were done using UPI. As of now, Some other countries (Bhutan, Nepal, Oman, UAE, France, Malaysia, Singapore & UK) also adopted QR based UPI of India.

    5. BharatMala Pariyojna: It is project for road development across India. This project significantly boosted highway infrastructure (Interstate highways, Expressways, Economic corridors, Boarder roads etc). It raised EC corridors from 6(2014) to 50(2022), raised 300 districts(2014) to 550 districts(2022) connected by minimum 4-lane highways. It increased national highways from 92,851 KMs to 1,40,995 KMs. Full credit goes to minister of Road Transport & Highways Nitin Gadkari ji for success of this project.

    6. Removal of Article 370 & 35A: Article 370 gave Jammu and Kashmir the right to make its own constitution and seperate flag. It had many disadvantages (According to me). With its removal, Jammu and Kashmir became a complete part of India. The migrants can now return back to their home, it's citizen will able to get benefits of Indian constitution and Rights.

    7. COVID-19 Vaccine: Covid-19 Pandemic is the most horrible thing which world had seen in last 100 years. Entire world was suffering form it and there was no cure of it. But indian government supported Indian resarchers to find the vaccine and gave the slogan "Vocal for Local". India was not only able to find cure but also exported vaccines to more than 60 countries. By December 2022, more than 220 crore free vaccination doses have been done in India.

    8. Relative Growth Rete: After COVID-19, many big economic countries like USA & Britain are going through recesion. In this situatiion also India's growth rate in 2021 was 8.7%, 2022 was 6.8% & in 2023 It will be 6.1% as per IMF. All these years, India's growth rate is highest in the world.

    9. Sukanya Samriddhi Account: This scheme was launched by PM Modi in 2015 (As part of 'Beti Bachao, Beti padhao' campaign) which encourages parents of girl child to build a fund for their future education. Initially, the interest rate was set at 9.1% but as of now it provides an interest rate of 7.6%.

    10. G20 Presidency: G20 is group of 19 largest econimic countries and European Union. The 2023 G20 summit or 18th meeting will be held in Delhi under the Presidency of India. It is a huge responsibity and opportunity for India.

    11. Vande-Bharat Express: Formerly known as Train 18 is a high-speed, Electric operated, fully air conditioned train. It is designed and manufactured in India at ICF Chennai. A total of 10 trains are in service as of Feb 2023 and 21 planned for next year.
    02 Worst Policies/ Worst Achievements/ Worst Decisions/ Worst Things Done/ Biggest Failures
    1. Inflation: During UPA time growth was very good but inflation was higher than growth rate in most of years. That higher inflation neutralized growth rate of India with respect to other countries. Inflation was more than 8% from 2008 to 2013 continuously which was worst in Indian history.

    2. Scams: The list of scams done during UPA's 10 year government span is very long. Out of them 2G scam (₹1.76 lakh crore), Commonwealth games scam (₹70 thousand crore), Coal scam (₹1.86 lakh crore) are biggest ones. Most of them were done by allies of Congress but Congress never showed toughness to its allies to stop it.

    3. Fall of Rupee: Normally we only notice comparison of Indian Rupee with US Dollar. If we compare Indian rupee with respect of other major currencies like European Euro, GB Pound, Japaneese Yen, Chineese Yuan then it was in pathetic condition.

    4. Continuing to worship Indira & Rajiv Gandhi: Indira Gandhi ji & Rajiv Gandhi ji had done good works during their tenure. There were other Congress leaders also who did better work in past but none was appreciated. Every new project in the nation- be it's Schemes, Colleges, Stadiums, Bridges etc all were named after Indira ji and Rajiv ji. Which increased the hatred of the people of India towards Congress.

    5. Silent Manmohan: Manmohan Singh is the person who had a big hand in saving India from 1991 economic crisis. But in his entire tenure as PM, he was silent on most of international or big national matters and Those who should have silent kept barking.

    6. Lack of long term ministers: For example, Minister of External Affairs of UPA Government were Natwar Singh(2004-05), Manmohan Singh(2005-06), Pranab Mukherjee(2006-2009), S M Krishna(2009-12) & Salman Khursid (2012-14). Minister of External Affairs of NDA Government are Shushma Swaraj(2014-19) & S Jaishankar (2019-Present). The Foreign Minister of India is counted among the key Cabinet portfolios in India and both the minister of NDA are way better performer than UPA Government. There was same situation in other ministries also.
    1. Demonetisation: In the name of flushing out black money from the Indian market, the Government of India suddenly demonetised ₹500 and ₹1,000 bank notes in 2016. The common people, daily wage workers etc were not ready for that step were badly affected. This sudden announcement caused panic and chaos in the country, Many people were out of work as their employers could not pay them in cash due to the cash crunch.

    2. Run away of scammers from India: Biggest bank fraudsters like Vijay Mallya, Nirav Modi, Mehul Choksi were taking leverage of loopholes in the system since very long, when they were identified then government of India was unable to hold them in India. Even after passing of more than 6 years, he is not behind the bars.

    3. Unnecessary renamings: Since India gained freedom, names of many cities streets and places have been changed. Renaming is is good if it is demand of citizen but BJP govenmnent have done a lot of unnecessary renamings which was previously renamed by Britishers or Mughals. Changing name costs Crores of Rupees to government, which could be spent on other requirements.

    4. Repeal of Farm Laws, 2020: The farm laws were best policy for independent farmers to grow their earnings exponentially. But the Government of India withdrew all the three laws under huge political pressure from opposition and some so called farmer organisation. This is worst decision taken by narendra Modi government.

    5. Lesser Government Jobs: Modi government is more focusing on self employment & enterpreneurship but still Indian people are more inclined towards government job. Government jobs are need of poor or lower middle class families. Total sactioned posts in central government departments has been increased but percentage of vacant post is far more now a days than in 2014. About 24 percentage of seats are vacant which are nearly equal to 10 lakhs.

    Refrences:

    1. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/
    2. https://www.globalhungerindex.org/pdf/en/2022.pdf
    3. https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2012/
    4. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/human-capital
    5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_rate_history_of_the_Indian_rupee
    6. https://www.bookmyforex.com/blog/
    7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India
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    11. https://unemploymentinindia.cmie.com/
    12. https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/IND/india/electricity-access-statistics
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    43. https://startuptalky.com/top-unicorn-startups-india/